十年級

課文分析:

大道之行也，天下為公。選賢與能，講信修睦。

(政治上，天下為公，賢能在位，注重信義，彼此親愛和睦。)

故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子；使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，矜、寡、孤、獨、廢疾者，皆有所養；男有分，女有歸。

(社會上，各種人民皆得其所。)

貨，惡其棄於地也，不必藏於己；力，惡其不出於身也，不必為己。

(經濟上，物盡其用，人盡其力。)

是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂「大同」。

(總體成效上，沒有陰謀盜賊等情事。)

課文補注:

1.大道:東漢‧鄭玄禮記注說:「大道，為五帝時也。」五帝，指上古時代的黃帝、頦顓、帝嚳、堯、舜五位帝王。這篇文章其實是敘述一個理想社會而假托於上古之世，寄望將來能有再度實現的一天。

2.與能:「與」字，有人把它解釋為「舉」，「舉用」之意，亦可通。

THE “DATONG” (THE IDEAL WORLD)

When the Great Way(or Principle) prevails, the whole is owned by all; they elect men of talents, virtue and ability; they practice honesty, and they cultivate universal peace. People love not only their own parents; they treat with parental care not only for their children. Provision is made so that the aged may live comfortably until their death, so that the able-bodied (those in the prime of life) may find employment, and so that the young may have he means of growing up. The widowers, widows orphans, childless, and those who are disabled by disease are all sufficiently maintained. Men have their work, and women have their home.

They do not like goods to be wasted on the ground, but preserve them, not for themselves alone. They do not like their strength to be wasted in idleness, but spend it, not only for their won benefit. In this way selfish scheming are suppressed and have no chance of arising. Robbers, filchers and rebellious traitors do not exist.Hence, the outer doors can be left open, and need not be shut. This is what we call “Datong” (The Ideal World).
From the ‘Liji’ or ‘Book of Rites’